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Chairman of the Jewish Agency Executive: Moshe Sharett and (after Sharett's death on 7 July) Louis A. Pincus.

Alternate Chairman of the Executive of the WZO - Jewish Agency, American Section: Dr. Emanuel Neumann and Rose L. Halperin.

President of the World Zionist Organization: Nahum Goldmann.

Treasurer of the Jewish Agency: Louis Arie Pincus.

Chairman of the Immigration Department: Shlomo Zalman Shragai.

Chairmen Absorption Department: Avraham Czygel, Moshe Erem.

Chairman Settlement Department: Raanan Weitz.

Chairman Youth Aliyah Department: Moshe Kol.

New immigrants in 1965: 80,736.

January 3 : The Al Fatah group, led by Yasser Arafat, sends a small commando to Israel. It attempts to sabotage the National Water Carrier.

January 5: David Ben Gurion demands a judicial investigation of the Lavon Affair.

January: News that the U.S. had secretly given permission to West Germany in the fall of 1964, to sell American M-48 Patron tanks to Israel as part of an 80 million Dollar arms deal between West Germany and Israel becomes public.

January: Eli Cohen (1924-1965), an Egyptian-born Israeli intelligence officer who infiltrated high Syrian political circles, is arrested as a spy.

February 4: The Ahdud Haavoda executive approves a proposal for an alignment with Mapai.

February 19: At the 10th Mapai Conference, the establishment of the Alignment (Maarakh) is approved.

February 28: Al Fatah attacks Kfar Hess in the Sharon region.

February: West Germany cancels the balance of the arms shipment after Egypt threatens to recognize East Germany. The US agrees to supply 200 Patton tanks to Israel and agrees, in principle, to send additional arms if Israel cannot balance Arab arms superiority through purchases from European suppliers.

March 3: IDF artillery silences Syrian guns pounding the Israelis on the northern border. Israel Air Force planes eject Egyptian Migs from Negev airspace.

March 7: The Liberal Party splits. Opponents of unification with the Herut movement establish the Independent Liberal Party.

March 17: In a major incident on the Syrian border, Israeli tanks destroy Syrian equipment being used to divert the Jordan River headwaters.

March 18: Justice Shimon Agranat is appointed president of the Supreme Court.

April 5: An atomic molecular accelerator is inaugurated in the Weizman Institute.

April 11: Esther, the first Israeli-constructed ship in Haifa, is delivered to the Zim company.

April 18: Israel receives the first Hawk missiles from the U.S.

April 20: The Shrine of the Book, housing the Dead Sea Scrolls, is dedicated in Jerusalem.

April 26: A new political bloc - the Herut-Liberal Bloc (Gahal) is formed with 27 members of the Knesset.

May 11 : The Israel Museum in Jerusalem is opened. It exhibits "The Bible in Art and Archaeology", a comprehensive exhibition including etchings and drawings by Rembrandt and biblical paintings of other old masters.

May 12: David Ben Gurion declares that Levi Eshkol "is unfit to serve as prime minister."

May 13: Israeli tanks destroy Syrian water-diversion equipment.

May, 18: Eli Cohen, condemned by the Syrians for spying, is executed publicly in Damascus by hanging.

May 19: Mapai and Ahdut Haavoda sign an agreement forming the Alignment.
Minister of Housing and Development Yosef Almogi and Deputy Minister of Defense Shimon Peres, leaders of the minority in Mapai who oppose the alignment, announce their resignation from government offices.

May 25: An Arab summit in Cairo works out plans for the diversion of the Jordan River headwaters.

May 27: The IDF raids Fatah bases in Jordan in the wake of a series of terrorist attacks in Israel.

May 31: Jordanian soldiers open fire in Jerusalem, killing two Israelis and wounding four.

May: West German Chancellor Ludwig Erhard and Prime Minister Levi Eshkol formally agree to establish diplomatic relations.

June 3: The crisis in Mapai deepens. Levi Eshkol is elected candidate for prime minister after the forthcoming elections.

June 8: The Israel Broadcasting Authority is established.

June: Most of the West German scientists leave Egypt.

July 7: Moshe Sharett dies aged 70.

July, 12: Mapai decides to expel all party members who join Ben Gurion.

July 14: The Knesset passes the Planning and Building Law.

July 21: The Knesset passes the Law of Libel and the Population Registry Law.

July 22 : David Ben Gurion, having rejected the Mapai confirmation of Levi Eshkol as the party's candidate for prime minister, leads six other Mapai members of the Knesset, including Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Navon and Chaim Herzog in the formation of a new political party, Rafi (Reshimat Poalei Israel u'bilti Miflagitiyim). Moshe Dayan will join Rafi on 5 September, after a period of indecision.

August 2: Maki, the Israel Communist Party, splits. A rebel faction forms Rakah (Reshimah Kommunistit Hadasha).

August 12: Heavy Syrian equipment for water diversion is destroyed at the northern border.

August 19: Rolf Pauls, West Germany's first ambassador to Israel, presents his credentials in Jerusalem. He is greeted by highly charged demonstrations. ("Six million times - no!")

August 24 : Asher Ben Natan, Israel's first ambassador to West Germany presents his credentials in Bonn.

September 5: The IDF raids waterworks in the Qalqilya area in response to terrorist activity emanating from Jordan.

September: The Tel Aviv Hilton Hotel opens. When construction plans were announced in 1961, the Arab states threatened closure of the Nile Hilton and the termination of any plans for Hilton Hotels in the Arab states. Conrad Hilton rejected the Arab boycott threats.

October 28-29: The IDF raids two Lebanese villages in response to Fatah activity emanating from there.

November 2 : Israel holds national elections for the Sixth Knesset, with 1, 206.728 votes cast. The alignment (Mapai and Ahdut Haavoda) wins 45 seats; Gahal (Herut-Liberal Bloc), 26 seats; Rafi 10 seats; Mapam 8 seats; NRP 11 seats.

November 21: The Ashdod port is inaugurated.

November 30: Teddy Kollek is the newly elected mayor of Jerusalem.

December 15: UN General Assembly Resolution 2052.

The Israeli military administration continues in the Negev until 1965. The situation of the Bedouins in the Negev is precarious.

The second and final season of excavations at Masada is completed under the leadership of Yigael Yadin.

The University of the Negev in Beer Sheva is established and functions under the supervision of the Hebrew University. In 1973, it will be renamed Ben Gurion University of the Negev.

Dani Karavan, Israeli artist, creates "Memorial Monument for Negev Brigade" near Beer Sheva.

Ephraim Kishon, Israeli humorist and satirist directs "Sallah", a film satirizing the absorption of Sephardic immigrants into Israel, starring Chaim Topol. It receives an Academy Award nomination as the best foreign film of the year.

The movie "Cast a Giant Shadow", about the life of David Marcus, is filmed in Israel. The cast includes Kirk Douglas and Yul Brynner.

The population in Israel reaches 2,6 million - 2,3 million Jews and 300.000 non-Jews.

January: Josef Oberhauser, who was in charge of constructing the Belzec extermination camp, is tried in Munich by the West German government for war crimes. He is convicted and sentenced to 4 1/2 years imprisonment.

April: West Germany extends the statue of limitation for Nazi war crimes for about five years.

May: Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Kuwait, and Sudan sever diplomatic relations with West Germany in protest over West Germany's recognition of Israel.

July: New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller signs a Fair Shabbat Law, which extends statewide the right of family businesses to remain open on Sunday if they were closed on Saturday in observance of the Shabbat.

August: In Frankfurt, Germany, the trial of overseers of the Auschwitz concentration camp ends with many SS men sentenced to long prison terms. The trial began on December 20, 1963, and continued for 183 sessions.

September: Between 25 September 1965 and 20 December 1966, in Hagen, 12 SS men who served at the Sobibor extermination camp, including Kurt Bolender, the commander of an extermination area, are tried for war crimes by the West German government. During the trial, Bolender commits suicide. The others are convicted and receive prison terms.

October: The Second Vatican Council, at the urging of Augustin Cardinal Bea, promulgates the declaration "Nostra Aetate" on the relationship of the Church to non-Christian religions. It declares that the Jews of Jesus' time and of today should not be burdened with the guilt of the crucifixion and that the Church decries antisemitism.

October: The UN General Assembly's Third Committee debates a Draft Convention of the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. The U.S. and Brazil seek an amendment to specifically condemn antisemitism. The Soviet Union, sensitive to criticism of treatment of its Jews, introduces an amendment condemning "antisemitism, Zionism, Nazism, neo-Nazism and all other forms ... of colonialism, national and race hatred, and exclusiveness." The Soviet maneuver results in a compromise convention that makes no reference to any specific form of racial discrimination.

The Roman Catholic Church officially repudiates the blood libel of Trient (1475) by canceling the beatification of Simon and the celebrations in his honor.

"The Shop on Main Street", a Czech film, stars Ida Kaminska as as aged Jewish woman who owns a button shop in a German-occupied Slovakian village and her relationship with her Aryan "controller". For this film Ida Kaminska is awarded the Oscar.

Sanford "Sandy" Koufax, Los Angeles Dodger pitcher, sets a baseball record when he pitches his fourth no-hit game in four years.

New York City's new Metropolitan Opera House is adorned by two murals painted by Marc Chagall, "The Sources of Music" and "The Triumph of Music".

Richard Phillips Feynman and Julian Seymour Schwinger, U.S. physicists, are awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for their creation of the modern field of quantum electrodynamics.

André Lwoff and François Jacob, French biologists are awarded the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their work on cellular genetic function and the influence of viruses.